Tips for farming cucumbers so that the harvest is abundant | NASA Health

INTRODUCTION

Cucumber production in Indonesia is still very low even though the potential can still be increased. For this reason PT. Natural Nusantara strives to help increase production in terms of Quality, Quantity and Sustainability.

GROWTH CONDITIONS

1. Climate

The adaptation of cucumbers to various climates is quite high, but optimum growth is in dry climates. Gets enough sunlight, temperature (21.1 - 26.7)°C and not much rain. Optimum height 1,000 - 1,200 meters above sea level.

2. Growing media

Loose soil, contains lots of humus, good water management, soil absorbs water easily, soil pH 6-7.

TECHNICAL CULTIVATION GUIDELINES

1. Nursery

• Prepare Natural GLIO and mix it with mature manure, let it sit for 1 week. 
• Prepare fine soil and manure which can be replaced by SUPERNASA / POC NASA which has been mixed with Natural GLIO (soil: manure = 7:3) and put in a polybag.
• Soak the seeds in NASA POC solution and warm water (2cc/l) for 30 minutes.
• Marinate for 12 hours. Each germinated seed is transferred to a polybag to a depth of 0.5-1 cm.
• Polybags are shaded with clear plastic and the seeds are watered twice a day.
• Spray NASA POC (2cc/l water) at 7 hss.
• Once they are 12 days old or have 3-4 leaves, the seedlings are moved to the garden.

2. Plant Media Processing

• Clean the land from weeds, grass, trees that are not needed.
• Add calcite/dolomite (soil pH <6: 1-2 tons/ha)
• The land is plowed/hoeed 30-35cm while turning the soil and leave for 2 weeks.
• Rework the soil while making beds 120 cm wide, 30-40 cm high and 30 cm between beds.
• Add 20-30 tonnes/ha of manure or 0.5 kg of manure to each planting hole 40 x 40 x 40 cm.
• Apply 100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer (1/3 of the total dose).
• Sprinkle POP SUPERNASA mixed with water evenly over the bed with a dose of ± 1 bottle/1000 m² by: Alternative 1: 1 bottle of POP SUPERNASA diluted in 3 liters of water to make a stock solution. Then, for every 50 liters of water, 200 cc of the mother liquor is added to water the beds. Alternative 2: for every 10 liter of gembor, give 1 tablespoon of POP SUPERNASA to water 5-10 meters of the bed.
• Install mulch. And 1 week later make a planting hole.
• Sprinkle Natural GLIO that has been bred with fertilizer in each planting hole (1 package + 25-50 kg of mature fertilizer for 1000 m2).

3. Planting

• Water the seeds in the polybag with water
• Remove the seeds and the medium from the polybag
• Plant the seeds in the planting hole and compact the soil around the stem.

4. Plant Maintenance

• Damaged or dead plants are removed and immediately replanted with good plants.
• Clean weeds (can be done at the same time as fertilizing).
• Install stakes at 5 HST (days after planting) to propagate the plants.
• Leaves that are too dense are pruned, done 3 weeks after planting in the morning or evening.
• Irrigation and watering is routinely carried out every morning and evening by sprinkling or flooding the land for 15-30 minutes.
• Furthermore, irrigation is only carried out if necessary and is intensified again during the flowering and fruiting period.

5. Fertilization

Fertilizer Time (kg) TSP Urea KCL Manure
Basic Fertilizer 150 150 150 20,000
3-5 HST 100 150 100
10 hst 250 300 100
After flowering 250 250
After Harvest I 100 100
NASA POC + Hormonics
(Starting at the age of 2–10 weeks) Sprayed on the leaves:
• Alternative 1: 8 times (1 week interval) with a dose of 3 – 4 caps of NASA POC + 1 Hormonic cap per tank 
• Alternative 2: 4 times (once 2 week intervals) with dose 6 - 8 NASA POC caps + 1 Hormonic cap per tank

6. Pests and Diseases

1. Pest

1. Oteng-oteng or Kuya Lice (Aulocophora similis Oliver). Leaf beetle measuring 1 cm with a plain yellow wings. Symptoms: damage and eat the flesh of the leaves so that the leaves have holes; in heavy attacks, the leaves are left with bones. Control: Natural BVR or PESTONA.
2. Earthworm (Agrotis ipsilon) This caterpillar is black and attacks plants, especially young ones. Symptoms: Plant stems are cut around the root collar.
3. Fruit flies (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) Adult flies measure 1-2 mm. Flies attack young cucumbers to lay eggs. Symptoms: eat the flesh of the fruit so that the fruit is abnormal and rots. Control: Natural METHYLATE.
4. Aphids (Aphis gossypii Clover) Fleas measure 1-2 mm, yellow or reddish yellow or dark green to black. Symptoms: attacks the shoots of the plant so that the leaves wrinkle, curl and curl. These fleas also spread viruses. Control: Natural BVR or PESTONA

2. Disease

1. Leaf rot (Downy mildew) Cause: Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk et Curt. Infects the skin of the leaves at high air humidity, temperature 16 - 22°C and dew or fog. Symptoms: leaves have yellow spots and mold, the color of the leaves will turn brown and rot. Control: Giving Natural GLIO before planting.
2. Powdery mildew (Powdery mildew) Cause: Erysiphe cichoracearum. Develops if the soil is dry in the dry season with high humidity. Symptoms: the surface of young leaves and stems is covered with white powder, then turns yellow and dries up. Control: Giving Natural GLIO before planting.
3. Anthracnose Cause: fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium Pass. Symptoms: brown spots on the leaves. The spots are somewhat round or angular in shape and cause the leaves to die; Spot symptoms can spread to stems, stalks and fruit. When the air is humid, a mass of pink spores forms in the center of the spot. Control: Giving Natural GLIO before planting.
4. Angular leaf spot Cause: Pseudomonas lachrymans fungus. Spreads during the rainy season. Symptoms: leaves have small yellow spots and corners; In heavy attacks, all the leaves with spots turn light brown to gray, dry out and have holes. Control: Giving Natural GLIO before planting.
5. Viruses that cause: Cucumber Mosaic Virus, CMV, Potato virus mosaic, PVM; Tobacco Etch Virus, TEV; otato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV); The vector insects are the aphids Myzus persicae Sulz and Aphis gossypii Glov. Symptoms: leaves become dark green and light green stripes, leaves wrinkle, leaf edges curl, plants are stunted. Control: by controlling insect vectors with Natural BVR or PESTONA, reducing mechanical damage, removing diseased plants and rotating with non-Cucurbitaceae families.
6. Scabies (Scab) Cause: fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell.et Arth. Occurs in young cucumber fruit. Symptoms: there are wet spots that emit liquid which when it dries will look like rubber; if it attacks old fruit, a corky scab forms. Control: Giving Natural GLIO before planting.
7. Fruit rot Causes: fungi (1) Phytium aphinadermatum (Edson) Fizt.; (2) Phytopthora sp., Fusarium sp.; (3) Rhizophus sp., (4) Erwinia carotovora pv. Carotovora. Infection occurs in the garden or in storage areas. Symptoms: (1) Phytium aphinadermatum: wet rotten fruit and if pressed, the fruit breaks; (2) Phytopthora: slightly wet spots that will become soft and brown and wrinkled; (3) Rhizophus: slightly wet spots, soft fruit skin covered with fungus, fruit breaks easily; (4) Erwinia carotovora: fruit rots, crumbles and smells bad. Control: by avoiding mechanical injuries, careful post-harvest handling, storage in clean containers at a temperature of between 5 - 7 degrees C. And giving Natural GLIO before planting.

7. Harvest

1. Characteristics and Age of Harvest
Young local cucumbers for vegetables, pickles or pickles are generally picked 2-3 months after planting, hybrid cucumbers are harvested 42 days after planting. Suri cucumbers are harvested when they are ripe.

2. How to Harvest
Fruit is harvested in the morning before 9.00 by cutting the fruit stalk with a sharp knife.

3.Harvest Period
Vegetable cucumbers are harvested every 5 - 10 days depending on the variety and desired fruit size/age.

Product Recommendations:

SUPERNASA, POC NASA, HORMONIK, PESTONA, METILAT PLUS, BVR & GLIO

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