Longan plants and how to cultivate them | NASA Health
In the world, there are two types of longan, namely highland longan and lowland longan. Highland longan is the first type of longan developed in the world. This longan is usually found in the Temanggung, Ambarawa and Tumpang areas. Meanwhile, lowland longan is longan originating from Thailand and Vietnam which has only developed in the last few years.
The condition for good growth for longan plants is loose soil, with a thick layer of soil that can hold water well. . Longan is more suitable for planting in the lowlands between 200-600 m above sea level, which has a wet climate with a dry season of no more than four months. Groundwater between 50-200 cm. Rainfall is 1,500-3,000 mm per year with 9-12 wet months and 2-4 dry months.
LONGI VARIETIES
In the highlands, the longan varieties that are widely developed are Kopyor and Batu, while in the lowlands those that are developed are Pingpong, Diamond River and Itoh. The advantages of this variety are its wide adaptability and early maturity, from grafts or shoots it can bear fruit at the age of 8-12 months, while from seed it can bear fruit at the age of 2-3 years.
Planting
Longan planting is carried out before the rainy season. The planting hole is made with dimensions of 60x60x60 or 100x100x60 cm, depending on the size of the seed to be planted. The minimum planting distance is 6 x 6 m.
Fertilization
The artificial fertilizer given is 100-300 g urea, 300-800 g TSP (400-1000 kg SP-36), and 100-300 g KCl for each plant. Fertilizer is given three times within three months. After harvesting the fruit, it is enough to apply fertilizer once with 300 g of urea, 800 g of TSP and 300 g of KCl per tree. Apart from that, NASA POC, HORMONIK, SUPERNASA, and POWER NUTRITION can be added. First mix POC NASA, HORMONIK, and SUPERNASA in one container, then take a bottle cap and mix it in 15-20 liters of water. POWER NUTRITION is used when the plant has started to bear fruit.
Sprinkling
When newly planted, longan plants require regular watering twice a day. Next, watering is done by looking at the condition of the plants and the planting environment.
Pruning
The most important maintenance of longan plants is pruning unproductive branches and twigs that cover the canopy. This way, sunlight can enter evenly throughout the branches. Parasitic plants (mistletoe) must be removed quickly. Longan plants are easy to grow, but difficult to flower.
Pruning plants that have not yet produced fruit should be done at the beginning of the rainy season. The parts that are pruned are branches that grow wild, are damaged or diseased, grow in contact with other branches, grow turning inwards, and grow downwards.
Pest
- TRUCK. This insect is the size of a black ant, brown in color and has wings. This pest attacks the stem, especially the main stem, by making holes and entering them. If there are a lot of them, the longan tree that is attacked will certainly have a lot of holes. Longans that are attacked by the mollusk pest show changes in the color of their leaves, from green to yellow and finally falling off. With the fall of the leaves, the branches become dry and result in death. Control of stem pests can be done by spraying insecticide on stems that have been attacked by these pests. Spray with PESTONA and AERO at a dose of (5 + 1/3) cover / spray tank. Spray in the afternoon.
- STICK DRAWER. L arva Z. Coffeae drills through the bark down to the cambium and then burrows into the cambium and wood. Trees that are attacked by this pest are characterized by the presence of dirt and reddish liquid from crack marks accompanied by larvae, which causes the distribution of nutrients and water to be disrupted. Spray with PESTONA and AERO at a dose of (5 + 1/3) cover / spray tank. Spray in the afternoon.
- BATS are also pests that are very detrimental to farmers, eating ripe fruit and destroying young fruit. To overcome the threat of bats, longan fruit must be wrapped in woven bamboo or coconut tepes.
Disease
One disease that often disturbs longan plants is fungus. This disease generally attacks longan tree trunks, especially the main trunk. Eradication can be done by spraying fungicide on the affected stems.
Harvest Time
The longan harvest season is January-February with production of 300–600 kg per tree. Longan is a non-climacteric fruit so it must be harvested ripe on the tree because it cannot be ripened. Harvesting is done with a tool that can cut the stems of the fruit series. The harvesting tool is in the form of long-handled scissors whose handles can be adjusted from the bottom. Signs of ripe fruit are that the skin color of the fruit becomes dark brown, smooth, and emits an aroma.
Product Recommendations:
SUPERNASA, POC NASA, HORMONIK, PESTONA, AERO 810 & POWER NUTRITION
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